Major Depression Case Study Investigation - 2657 Words

INTRODUCTION. The following essay is a case study of a client named John who is suffering from major depression and was sent to see me for treatment by his concerned wife. I will provide brief background information about John then further discuss interventions and strategies I believe can be applied in each session with my client in order to make Johns life more manageable. In the essay, I will be writing as the therapist, and the sessions are based on a ten week period. BACKGROUND INFORMATION (Case History) A 27-year-old man named John came to see me with the following litany of complaints, Ive reached a point where I cant go on....Got no fight left in me. And not enough guts to end it here. Best damn job I ever had almost can see†¦show more content†¦The main goal of CBT is to help individuals and families cope with their problems by changing their maladaptive thinking and behavior patterns and improve their moods (Blackburn et al, 1981). Intervention is driven by working hypotheses (formulations) developed jointly by patient, his/her family and therapist from the assessment information. Change is brought about by a variety of possible interventions, including the practice of new behaviors, analysis of faulty thinking patterns, and learning more adaptive and rational self-talk skills. (Hawton, Salkovskis, Kirk, and Clark, 1989). A probable reason why CBT works with depressed patients is that depression interacts with both cognitive and motivational processes. This is well evidenced in experimental analogue research with healthy and depressed individuals. Individuals with depression show deficits on a range of cognitive tests (Brown, Scott, Bench, 1994) with the pattern of dysfunction having many of the characteristics associated with fronto-subcortical impairment. Reischies and Neu (2000) found that depressed individuals displayed mild cognitive impairments in comparison with matched controls, particularly in the areas of adverbial memory, psychomotor speed and verbal fluency. Further in these patients there appears to be considerable variation in the recovery of cognitive function with remission of the depressive episode. DepressedShow MoreRelatedAn Investigation into the Relationship between Anxiety and Depression among University Students1372 Words   |  6 Pagesaddition, depression is defined by the Oxford online dictionary as â€Å"A mental condition characterized by severe feelings of hopelessness and inadequacy, typically accompanied by a lack of energy and interest in life†. Brendel (2008) highlighted, the relationship between anxiety and depression is a very close as the symptoms of anxiety disorders often overlap with depression. Furthermore, individuals with major depression are usually treated for an anxiety disorder, and major depression can lead toRead MoreReview Of Alan Brinkley s The Unfinished Nation1638 Words   |  7 PagesSection 1: Identification and Evaluation The investigation question: What were the limitations of the programs presented in the first New Deal? will focus between the years 1933 to 1935, as the nation, with FDR s guidance, slowly attempted to dig its way out of the Depression. Analysis will be made regarding the purpose of the programs and what they lacked in gaining success. Though some of his first few domestic programs garnered success, Roosevelt’s first New Deal had not fully provided the countryRead MoreSymptoms That Meet Criteria For Persistent Depressive Disorder ( Pdd ) Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesCase #1 : Jim Diagnostic Impressions 300.4 (F34.1) Persistent Depressive Disorder, moderate, late onset, with pure dysthymic syndrome V62.5 (Z65.0) Conviction in Civil or Criminal Proceedings Without Imprisonment V61.03 (Z63.5) Disruption of Family by Separation or Divorce Diagnostic Evidence Jim is describing symptoms that meet criteria for persistent depressive disorder (PDD). In specific, he described symptoms that allow Criterion A, which requires the presence of a depressed mood for at leastRead MoreThe Best And Natural Treatments For Depression1121 Words   |  5 PagesSarvenaz Soltani Psychology 100 4/11/17 YOGA, ONE OF THE BEST AND NATURAL TREATMENTS FOR DEPRESSION Abstract Depression (Major Depressive disorder) is a very common medical disease that a lot of people suffer from, the symptoms of this illness are feeling extremely sad, alone, worthless, you will have trouble sleeping or you over sleep, not wanting to be involved in any social activities, or any activities, over eating or not wanting to eat, and sometimes even thought of death or suicide, all theseRead MoreAdolescent Depression : A Qualitative Study1103 Words   |  5 Pagespersistent link for the article that was read this week: Looking back at adolescent depression: A qualitative study. The persistent link is http://search.proquest.com.library.capella.edu/docview/198689594?accountid=27965. The Doi was not provided in the article. As some of us may know, depression is reflected as a mental health condition that can lead individuals to attempt/commit suicide against their life. In addition, depression is a disorder that causes individual to feel despondent, and with no goalsRead MoreMajor Depressive Disorder Impacts Many People Worldwide1310 Words   |  6 Pages Major Depressive Disorder impacts many people worldwide. According to Devi et al. (2005), the disorder is characterized by feelings of sadness accompanied by emotional and physical withdrawal, all thought to result from molecular and cellular abnormalities that interact with genetic and environmental factors. To date, no concrete neurobiological explanation exists to completely define, diagnose and treat this illness. Depression debilitates patients, society and economies. An estimated 14.8 millionRead MoreEssay On Exercise As Treatment For Depression1435 Words   |  6 Pages Exercise as Treatment for Depression Jacob Gibson University of Alabama in Birmingham Exercise as Treatment for Depression Depression is a prevalent severe medical disorder that adversely affects the way people feel, think, and act. According to Brosse, Sheets, Lett and Blumenthal (2002), the term depression is used to describe an unease or dissatisfaction mood state, a condition that involves a group of symptoms or a clinical disorder. Depression leads to a series of feelings of sadnessRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1098 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Bipolar disorder, commonly known as manic depression, is considered a serious mental condition of the brain in which an individual alternates between feelings of depression and mania (Craddock Jones, 1999). Over 2.3 million United States adults or an estimate of 1% of the population in a year are being affected by bipolar disorder (Jianfei, Patel, Li Keck, 2010). Different symptoms of this disorder include rapid speech, increase in activity or energy, denial, high risk behaviorRead MoreIntroduction. Major Depressive Disorder (Mdd) Is A Very1423 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a very common diagnosis in the mental health field. It is important that clinicians understand MDD thoroughly as it is such a common diagnosis. Many clinicians will be faced with working with clients with a diagnosis of MDD at some point in their careers so it is important to review the criterion and study the diagnosis. Major Depression Disorder requires a distinct change in mood usually a transition into feelings of sadness and hopelessness. ThisRead MoreDaylight As A Healing Element1304 Words   |  6 Pageshealing architecture suggests that the incorporation of natural elements during the design process of the building is essential. The investigation on the themes of healing architecture lead to the conclusion that â€Å"the luminous environment plays an important role and an integral part of the hospital’s healing environment (Aripin, 2006).However, it was noticed that â€Å"many studies on the subject of daylight focus on schools, offices and commercial buildings but few on hospitals† (Aripin, 2006).Therefore ,a

Intellectual Property And Copyright Property Rights Essay

Introduction When we use our mind as the intelligent humans we are, sometimes out of that comes Intellectual property. Intellectual property is an idea that was created by one with the intention to trademark, copyright or patent the creation they have made. There are many forms of intellectual property that exist ranging from artistic sides to mechanical sides and etc. With those many forms intellectual property is broken down into two factions, industrial property and copyright in which all the forms of intellectual property lye somewhere in those two factions. To understand intellectual property a little more we need too look at the two and break down the factions. Also take a look at the protection and the laws that pertain to copyright, trademarks, and patents. Discussion The term intellectual property refers to the innovations of the human mind. Intellectual property rights protect the interests of these innovators by giving them property rights attached to those ideas. The term intellectual property rights stands for these legal rights that authors, inventors, and other creators have. Intellectual property laws relate to a particular way in which ideas or information is expressed or displayed, but not the actual ideas or exact concept itself. The first use of the expression intellectual property appears to be October 1845, in Davoll vs. Brown, a patent case in Massachusetts. Justice Charles Woodbury said that only in this way can we protectShow MoreRelatedIntellectual Property Rights, Copyrights, Patents, And Trade Secrets2320 Words   |  10 PagesMid-Term Exam 1. Intellectual Property Rights: Intellectual Property Rights are right for a person, company or organization to have privilege for their own ideas, plans, innovations and creativity to be protected for a certain period of time by copyrights, trademarks, patents and trade secrets.[1] In today’s world, the new emerging technologies allow people to easily violate the intellectual property rights of others. The emerging technologies like computer and communications have made easierRead MoreLegal Protection And Intellectual Property Rights1175 Words   |  5 PagesIntellectual property is defined in the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) as the creation of the mind. According to WIPO the work does not have to be literary in order to be protected. Names, images, symbols, designs..etc. are all protected. Intellectual property rights are mentioned in article 27 of the universal human rights act that gives the inventors and creators to benefit from their work. Those rights are obtained through registering patents, trademarks, and copyrights. ThereRead MoreCopyrights And Other Legalities. Copyrights Are More Limited1490 Words   |  6 Pages Copyrights and Other Legalities Copyrights are more limited in scope than patents. They protect the original works of authorship, not the ideas they contain. In the United States, original works include literary, drama, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. A computer program, for example, is considered a literary work and is protected by copyright. A copyright gives its owner the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the material or perform or display it publicly. HoweverRead MoreThe Patent Law Of Taiwan1269 Words   |  6 PagesAgreement (The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights), as Annex 1C of the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization (hereinafter the WTO) which came into effect in January, 1995. As a trade-off between promoting knowledge diffusion and exclusivity to use the knowledge, the patent system is part of the minimum standard established in the course of the globalization of intellectual property right (IPR). The formatio n of TRIPS also demonstrates thatRead MoreEssay on Riordan739 Words   |  3 Pageslaws pertaining to E-business that cause problems. It seems as if more and more there tend to be problems surrounding copyrights, trademarks, patent, and domain names. Litigation is one of the tools used to value the intellectual property of the client. To be able to work effectively at understanding the law one has to understand the grounds surrounding the right to property. E-business laws include; Trademark and patent laws; Consumer protection laws (if you plan to sell online goods/services);Read MoreCopyright And Copyright Of Copyright1097 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Copyright †¢ What is a copyright †¢ Protection †¢ Registration †¢ Infringement Trademarks †¢ What is a trademark †¢ Trademark registration †¢ Trademark infringement Patents †¢ What is a patent †¢ Types of patents †¢ Patent registration References Main heading: Copyright Content: A Copyright is legal protection granted to original works, however it does not cover an idea in and of itself, it only covers the expression of it in a fixed or physical form. The author has the exclusive right to reproduceRead MoreInternational Business: Adapting Products for Export1243 Words   |  5 Pagesthe market. 4. Propose ways in which intellectual property piracy could be stopped permanently. I believe that it is simply not realistic to speak of eliminating all piracy, as there will always be at least a small segment of the population who can’t be deterred from stealing others’ ideas and creativity. Instead, what we can and should strive for is the reduction of piracy to the lowest levels possible; levels that will not rob authors and copyright owners of the incentive to create and distributeRead MoreCopyright And Copyright Of Copyright Essay4993 Words   |  20 Pages †¢ COPYRIGHT TRADEMARK 1. Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired or Otherwise Print Disabled I. INTRODUCTION TO THE CONVENTION/ TREATY/ AGREEMENT The Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print Disabled (MVT) is the most recent expansion to the assemblage of global copyright bargains directed by WIPO. It has a reasonable compassionate and social improvementRead MoreThe Transatlantic Trade And Investment Partnership1439 Words   |  6 Pagesinto full blown disagreements that need immediate solution at the risk of losing what both sides have fought for. One such rift comes in the form of geographical indication (or GI, for the sake of brevity). GI, as defined by the Worldwide Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), is â€Å"a sign used on products that have specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are due to that origin (â€Å"Geographical indications†)†. Despite the fact that it is commonplace in both US andRead MoreInternational Trade Law Flexibilities And Their Utilization1859 Words   |  8 PagesThirty-nine African states are in the WTO. These states have the duty to comply with the WTO treaties, which among others includes the TRIPS Agreement. The Agreement requires states to respect the rights of patent holders over their products. Accordingly, only the patent owner has an exclusive right to make, use, to offer for sale, sell, or import the product. Nevertheless, amendments to the TRIPS Agreement issued exceptions that favor the public health needs of least developed countrie s. Among

Professional Values and Ethics Paper Free Essays

Professional Values and Ethics Paper Team A GEN200 October 25, 2010 Marie Gelpi Hammerschmidt Professional values and ethics can influence the way a person’s career can either succeed or fail. Depending upon the person’s personal core values determines how he or she will use those values in his or hers professional life. If a person respects others in his or hers personal life, then that respect of others will most likely be carry over into the professional side of the person’s life. We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Values and Ethics Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Values are enduring beliefs, both hard-wired (i. e. acquired genetically) and shaped by cultural context, about preferred â€Å"end states† according to Urbany, Reynolds, and Phillips (2008). Values determine the decisions a person makes, whether to go to work or call in sick, or whether to put the money in the cashier’s drawer where it belongs or put it in his or hers pocket. All professional business decisions can influence a person’s career. If a person sees only his or hers decisions as affecting the here and now, then those decisions are normally made in haste and results only in solving the current problem and leading to possible failure. If the person’s decisions take into consideration what the effects down the road will be, then the person will have more success in his or hers professional and personal lives.References: Urbany,  J. ,  Reynolds,  T. ,  and  Phillips,  J. (2008). How to Make Values Count in Everyday Decisions. MIT Sloan Management Review,  49(4),  75-80. Retrieved October 20, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global (Document ID:  1520405561). ———————– Professional Values and Ethics 2 How to cite Professional Values and Ethics Paper, Papers

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis free essay sample

Quantitative and Qualitative Research: Problem, Basis, Procedure Terri Morris Quantitative and Qualitative Research: Problem, Basis, Procedure Quantitative Research Study Research Problem The researchable problem is that novice special education teachers are overwhelmed by the lack of mental, physical, and technical support from their general education colleagues. In addition, these teachers are feeling isolated due to the lack of time to plan, learn, and communicate effectively with their counterparts in an effort to meet the needs of their students while being successful educators. Basis for the Problem Griffin, Kilgore, Winn and Otis-Wilborn (2008) found that (a) role ambiguity, (b) students posing complex behavioral and academic challenges, large caseloads, (c) insufficient curricular and technical resources, (d) inadequate administrative support, (e) inadequate time for planning, (f) few opportunities for collaboration and professional development, and (g) excessive procedural demands† are the reasons as to why teachers are stressed within their first year (p. 42). As a result, first-year teachers are experiencing disconnects with colleagues that do not offer assistance or enough information on how to balance teaching special education and general education students in an inclusive environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lacking the support and opportunity to converse with veteran teachers leaves a gap in providing extensive education for each student. Too often, however, novice special educators report that they are isolated from their colleagues and have little time to talk about their practices or to collaborate in preparing curriculum or instructional strategies† (Griffin, Kilgore, amp; Otis-Wilborn, 2008, p. 143). Unfortunately most educators are not aware of the changes in special education that are requiring more co-teaching environments. According to Griffin, Kilgore, Winn, and Otis-Wilborn (2008) â€Å"juggling these varied, and often, competing responsibilities is a particularly difficult task for a beginning teacher† (p. 42) . Oftentimes, proper training is not provided and as a result, special and general education teachers of all areas find it beneficial to work together on behalf of the students. Study Procedures Quantitative methods of research were conducted through a st udy that included a 31-item survey developed to (a) rank accomplishments and problems in the first year of teaching, (b) identify the context of the classroom, (c) describe the school setting, and (d) report characteristics of gender, age, race, and certification areas of colleagues. The survey was distributed to all special education teachers in Florida and Wisconsin to discover how their graduates’ insights gleaned from the qualitative data about their relationships and interactions with their general education colleagues and how they are used to help interpret and support the quantitative findings† (Griffin, Kilgore, Winn, amp; Otis, 2008, p. 147). The use of quantitative research accurately provided an understanding of how many teachers felt uncomfortable during their first years without the proper support from their colleagues. Results indicated that the questionnaires helped to identify novice teachers who answered positively after productive school years that offered opportunities to work with other teachers. However, those who had unsuccessful school years were not as accommodating which resulted in frustration and negative, though honest results. Qualitative Research Study Research Problem The research problem is Israeli general education teacher’s perspectives on serving special education children in inclusive classroom settings without proper systematic preparation or well-grounded knowledge of special education laws (Gavish amp; Shimoni, 2011). As a result, mainstream teachers are concerned that lack of this information could be â€Å"chaotic and that they may find themselves permanently vulnerable to a range of pressure groups, expressing feelings of injustice, failure, and burnout† (Gavish amp; Shimoni, 2011, p. 49). Basis for the Problem Israeli special education teachers have expressed concerns of inadequate information and preparation provided before placing special education students into their classrooms. Legislator, support group, and lawsuit support has helped to encourage teachers to change their perceptions of how special education students are accommodated by slowly moving away from separating students from their general education peers. According to Gavish and Shimoni (2011), â€Å"schools should prepare by endeavoring to change social and educational values and encourage teachers and children to see the acceptance of differences as a value to be embraced† (p. 51). In order to improve student and teacher knowledge of the field, schools are urged to educate their teachers and students in an effort to prepare them for an inclusive setting. Though the study reveals that some teachers are accepting of the changes, there are others who express an antagonistic view. It is believed that â€Å"schools should develop new learning environments suitable for the special needs of students by helping them to overcome the objective difficulties that their impairments present† (Bamett amp; Monda-Amaya, 1998, as cited in Gavish amp; Shimoni, 2011, p. 51). Study Procedures A qualitative, grounded theory study was conducted that included 34 non-special education teachers from 17-state elementary schools in the Jewish sector of Israel. Participant characteristics include general educationally trained individuals, age ranges of 29-54, 5-29 years of educational experience, and a variety of professionals including teachers, coordinators, and administrators. Special education students ranging from 1-4 children were placed in each of the classrooms along with (a) an inclusion teacher within the classroom, (b) a teacher’s aide, and (c) an inclusion teacher outside of the classroom. Of these teachers, 12 were subject area teachers and 22 were subject area and homeroom teachers (Gavish amp; Shimoni, 2011, p. 3). It is evident, through the grounded theory approach, that the theory of mainstream teachers finding it difficult to teach special education students due to unavailability of information holds some truth. Interviews were developed that questioned teacher’s knowledge about the law, inclusion, students included, implementation of inclusion in classroom and in the school, and attitudes towards the concept of inclusion and how it applies to the system while using a constructivist approach to analyze data. Gavis amp; Shimnoni, 2011, p. 53). Using this approach provides the opportunity for researchers to interview individuals who are familiar with the issues (Hutchinson, 1988; Guba amp; Lincoln, 1998, as cited in Gavish amp; Shimoni, 2011). Seemingly the researchers of this study believed that using teachers of various ages, experience, and feelings toward the problem helped to build the idea of having special education students mainstream into their classrooms. References Gavish, B. , amp; Shimoni, S. (2011). Elementary school teachers beliefs and perceptions about the inclusion of children with special needs in their classrooms. Journal of International Special Needs Education, 14, 49-59. Griffin, C. C. , Kilgore, K. L. , Winn, J. A. , amp; Otis-Wilborn, A. (2008). First-year special educators relationships with their general education colleagues. Teacher Education Quarterly, 35(1), 141-157.

Couple Plan to Clone a Baby essays

Couple Plan to Clone a Baby essays My article is about one couple, Bill and Kthy, who want to have a baby cloned for them. Bill and Kathy have tried to have a baby for almost ten years. But after all the fertility drugs and artificial insemination there has been no luck so they want to clone their first child. Bill and Kathhy say they know the risks involved in cloning a baby. Bill says that if they were not to give birth to an abnormal child and if complications occurred then they would "about" the process. This already is a very controversial issue and now they are saying that they would have an abortion. When asked about the other ways on getting a child other than cloning, adoption, Bill and Kathy responded by saying "you can adopt a child from oversees, what happens is by the time you get a baby, they've been so messed up in the orphanage where they are that you are taking on a health hazard." My opinion is this is stupid. This couple just wants to be in the center of the spotlight by cloning a child. You can easily adopt a baby without going to another country or without the baby having been in an orphanage. The couple said that the clone would be of Kathy. Well if everything worked out then it would someday look identical to her. When a baby is born he/she has it's own unique look. Babies look like both mother and father and this baby is going to have all the mother's characteristics. This child will grow up out of place being the first clone human and that could destroy her for the rest of her life. ...

Synonyms for Sofa

Synonyms for Sofa Synonyms for Sofa Synonyms for Sofa By Mark Nichol The item of furniture that is usually the centerpiece of a living room or family room or a lobby or waiting room goes by any one of many names, but they have useful distinctions in meaning. Here’s a rundown of sofa and its associated terms. Sofa, ultimately from Arabic, originally denoted a raised carpeted floor, but it is now the primary term in American English for a long piece of furniture for seating. (A sectional sofa, often called simply a sectional, is formed from multiple pieces, two of which join at an angle so that the furniture can be placed in the corner of a room.) A settee- the relatively rare term stems from the Old English word setl- is a sofa, often with fewer cushions or none at all, with a back and (usually) arms. Couch, ultimately from the Latin word collocare, meaning â€Å"lay or place,† is interchangeable with sofa but originally referred to a piece of furniture for lying down that was backless, with only the head raised. It is still used in this sense in reference to furniture on which a psychiatrist’s patient lies during a session. (â€Å"Casting couch† alludes to the practice in which a film or theater producer seduces someone on the piece of furniture in exchange for giving that person a role.) Couch is also a verb with a seemingly unrelated meaning; originally, it referred to inlaying or overlaying gold, but it has also long had a sense of â€Å"put into words,† with the idea that a message is worded in such a way to obscure the truth or influence perception. Canapà ©, adopted into English from French to refer to an elegantly styled sofa, derives from the Greek word for mosquito or gnat; it originally referred to a mosquito net. (The English word canopy is cognate, and canapà ©, referring to a type of appetizer, was inspired by the furniture term.) Squab, of Scandinavian origin, is an obscure synonym for couch that can also refer to a cushion. The love seat, originally designed hundreds of years ago to accommodate one woman during an era when fashion dictated voluminous apparel, evolved into a piece of furniture that seated two people- often, a couple, hence the name. (It was also known as a courting chair.) A variation on the love seat is the tà ªtetà ªte (the term, French for â€Å"head to head,† also refers to a private two-way conversation), which seats two people facing in opposite directions and separated by an S-shaped armrest. A davenport (the name is that of a now-defunct furniture company that produced such furniture) is a large sofa that may or may not be able to be converted into a bed; the term is used primarily in the Midwest and in upstate New York, though it may refer elsewhere to a futon-style sofa. (Davenport is also the name of a compact writing desk such as that also manufactured by the same company.) The traditional Japanese futon is a portable mattress, but in the United States and other Western countries, futon refers to a sofa topped with a cushion that can be unfolded to form a mattress when the frame is adjusted to serve as a bed. A chesterfield, meanwhile, is a davenport with upright armrests. The name, which survives primarily in Canada but also, interestingly, in Northern California, derives from an earl of Chesterfield who commissioned a style of furniture that became popular during the 1700s. (Chesterfield is also the name of a type of overcoat with a velvet collar.) Several other terms denote convertible sofas: A daybed is a bed designed to be used as a sofa, a sofa bed is a sofa that can be unfolded to form a bed, and a studio couch- the name derives from the use of studio to refer to a small one-room apartment, not an artist’s chamber- is a backless couch with a cot that can be pulled out from underneath it and fitted alongside the couch to form a double bed. A divan, meanwhile- the word derives ultimately from the Persian word for a book or a bundle of papers and later a government council- is a seat that is often armless and/or backless. (In the United Kingdom, the term refers to a type of bed.) Similar items designed for one person include the fainting couch, a small, narrow fully or partially backless sofa with one end raised. (The name originated in the nineteenth century, supposedly when constricting corsets required that such furniture be conveniently located for a woman short of breath to recline and recuperate.) A recamier (named after the subject of a painting in which such an item appeared) resembles the fainting chair but is distinguished by having a curved high headrest and a matching low footrest. The chaise longue is a reclinable chair extended to provide support for the legs. (The second word is often spelled or at least pronounced in American English like lounge, though the term is French for â€Å"long chair.†) An ottoman, though not technically a sofa, is often an accessory to one or to a chair; it is a backless, armless seat on which one can sit or put up one’s feet. Originally, the name applied to a couch for reclining, a style inspired by habits observed in the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century. Bench, related to bank and with multiple meanings, refers in this context to a long, usually hard seat for two or more people. A banquette (the word, from French, is a diminutive of banc, meaning â€Å"bench†) is an upholstered bench, often built in along a wall, or a sofa with one arm. (The term also refers to a raised surface along a parapet or a trench used in warfare to accommodate soldiers to fire guns over the barrier; in Southern US dialect, it is also a synonym for sidewalk.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†The Writing Process75 Synonyms for â€Å"Hard†

FridgeCom Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

FridgeCom Case Study - Assignment Example Generally speaking a leader is a one who can lead his or her followers to achieve a common goal (Haslam, 2004, p.53). Scholars on time to time basis made several attempts to define leadership but they realised that â€Å"leadership has been a complex and elusive problem largely because the nature of leadership itself is complex† (Daft, 2007, p.4). Traditionally leadership was viewed as an influence of leader over the followers to achieve the common goal but in contemporary business environment leadership can be considered as â€Å"the process of producing direction, alignment and commitment in collective† (Velsor, 2010). Many a time, people do get confused with the concept of leadership and management. Leadership is just one of the basic characteristic to be possessed by the manager to fulfil their job responsibilities. Apart from the leadership quality, a manger must possess other qualities like motivational skill, time management ability and efficiency to conduct planning, managing and execution of day to day activities (Cherry & Jacob, 2005, p.367). However, it must be understood that a manager may not possess leadership qualities and a leader not necessarily be a leader. The leadership style followed by different leaders varies from individual to individual. These leadership styles are influenced by several internal as well as external factors. The internal factors are specific to a leader and these can be called the leadership traits. Again, the external factors such as the organisational culture, the job responsibility and the internal situations are equally important. In the early days the scholars identified some of the vital traits which must be present in a leader and this theory was called â€Å"trait theory†. This theory was proposed by Sir Francis Galton in 1869. Some of the common teats to be possessed by the leader were need for